5 20 176 http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/2e0959e209889b453fc20de47f45ddd9.jpg 1b40b6779f2126ef0c897ee207336c4a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Letter from Helen North to the Wall Street Journal, 03/26/1969] Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis March 1969 - April 1970 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Helen North Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/29/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/b16dfbcb1ecdf350dd33131a27be5c6b.pdf fe4ab190d735ac55e1c8f786ac22c238 PDF Text Text ��� ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Correspondence between J. Gordon Lippincott and Joseph Shane regarding crisis principles, 05/08/1969] Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis March 1969 - April 1970 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Gordon Lippincott Joseph Shane Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/08/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in President's Office http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/daafa168ecd9c15bce73650afa39e7f8.jpg f7b60c434a8fc5bc6cb7cf34e3022387 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Letter regarding the BCC, 03/1970] Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis March 1969 - April 1970 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [none] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [03/1970] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1970 sit-in Black Cultural Center http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/a51196b8d99020d58d9ba9c0a35e3ec6.pdf debe718b2143089fee8839706566f914 PDF Text Text .... ~~!.}j"'", Ii? , WCflU-'l'V believes a televis1:on stahon has a 1'csponsibility to makc r:Yl/l~ (.1 f1 mll! ~t s position known on vital local Q j iYJfJJW = l!i:JU tssucs and, tn accordance wzth , station policy, to give qualified [f:!rl;lut~If(i 'f)[{Pl71;l fJ " representativ~s oj opposing viewpoints {J;LIj} Ii I:Wl1lJfjffiJ[l:~ . th e opportumly to reply, ,d)P"'mt!'m:') n tf '1 zg~:m:.z.:':~2:'::;:.~~~ il':':'iilfr-?iil!. •.;"d.' · I. •" ,, ' CBS @ TVIO Philadelphia Bruce R. Bryallt, Vi ee PJ'esidc1zt General Ma1wycr, WCAU,TV BROADCAST: SUBJECT: JANUARY 20, 1969 6:55 - 7:00 PM A RAPPORT BASED ON MUTUAL RESPECT AND DISCUSSION Yesterday afternoon, Swarthmore College paid its last respects to its college president. "Respect" is an apt word when one talks of Dr. Courtney Smith. If ever there is a real generation gap at some' coll e ges, it's between a college administration and its student body. At Swarthmore, Dr. Smith was able to break down that gap and create a rapport based on mutual respect and discussion. His death has no doubt focused the attention of educators allover the country on what's going on at Swarthmore . Swarthmore is far ahead of many othe r colleges becaus e it had the ability and the willingness to relate to what was going on in society today. So, it is our contention that the administration headed by Dr. Smith was willing to listen without a sit-in take-over demonstration. In that way, th e college life of the other students seeking an education would not have been disrupt ed at all and progress could have been made on these other matters quietly and in an orderly manner. The Swarthmore administration h as communicated with its student body. For example, students have b een on faculty committees for some time . They are now on the committee to select a new pr es ident. But even so, th e system apparently could not cope with one small faction which laid down wh a t were t ermed "non-negotiable demands". WCAU-TV urge s all colleges and univ e r s ities to look clos ely at Swar thmor e and the trag e dy which took plac e there. Stude nt governme nt (at too ma ny oth e r oo lleges ) l S a p lay -time game of politics with more interest in the way the game is played th an in the accomp li shments which might come of it. Stude nt governmen t mu s t be th e voic e of al l student s --minority group s , fraternity and inde pendent students , m a l ~ and femal e studen ts--th e voic ~. of all stude nt s . Then minority group s can approach the administr ation through stu d e nt governm e nt orga ni zations . Then there can be open discussion, n e goti a tion or compromis e on ' ques tion s which truly affect an entire school . �1 - - 2 - Too often, the gap between. student and administration is seemingly insurmountable. The administration must respond to its students by listening, by talking, discussing, and by changing where change is called for. A f .ew moments ago, we used the words "negotiati9n" and "compromise". To some, these are unreasonablE? wordsithey allegedly show a sacrifice of ideals. This is untrue, they show a willingness on both sides to discuss and reason together. Unreasonable words are words like "non-negotiable demands". And these were the words used by young college students approaching the administration at Swarthmore. WCAU-TV would urge all college students to develop a meaningful student government which serves the needs of all students. We would also urge with equal emphasis that administrations show a greater willingness to listen and to react. If that could happen, some thing constructive will have come out of the tragic death of Dr. Courtne y Smith, President of Swarthmore Coll ege . Presente d by Peter W. Dunc a n - WCAU-TV Editori a l Director � .... ~~!.}j"'", Ii? , WCflU-'l'V believes a televis1:on stahon has a 1'csponsibility to makc r:Yl/l~ (.1 f1 mll! ~t s position known on vital local Q j iYJfJJW = l!i:JU tssucs and, tn accordance wzth , station policy, to give qualified [f:!rl;lut~If(i 'f)[{Pl71;l fJ " representativ~s oj opposing viewpoints {J;LIj} Ii I:Wl1lJfjffiJ[l:~ . th e opportumly to reply, ,d)P"'mt!'m:') n tf '1 zg~:m:.z.:':~2:'::;:.~~~ il':':'iilfr-?iil!. •.;"d.' · I. •" ,, ' CBS @ TVIO Philadelphia Bruce R. Bryallt, Vi ee PJ'esidc1zt General Ma1wycr, WCAU,TV BROADCAST: SUBJECT: JANUARY 20, 1969 6:55 - 7:00 PM A RAPPORT BASED ON MUTUAL RESPECT AND DISCUSSION Yesterday afternoon, Swarthmore College paid its last respects to its college president. "Respect" is an apt word when one talks of Dr. Courtney Smith. If ever there is a real generation gap at some' coll e ges, it's between a college administration and its student body. At Swarthmore, Dr. Smith was able to break down that gap and create a rapport based on mutual respect and discussion. His death has no doubt focused the attention of educators allover the country on what's going on at Swarthmore . Swarthmore is far ahead of many othe r colleges becaus e it had the ability and the willingness to relate to what was going on in society today. So, it is our contention that the administration headed by Dr. Smith was willing to listen without a sit-in take-over demonstration. In that way, th e college life of the other students seeking an education would not have been disrupt ed at all and progress could have been made on these other matters quietly and in an orderly manner. The Swarthmore administration h as communicated with its student body. For example, students have b een on faculty committees for some time . They are now on the committee to select a new pr es ident. But even so, th e system apparently could not cope with one small faction which laid down wh a t were t ermed "non-negotiable demands". WCAU-TV urge s all colleges and univ e r s ities to look clos ely at Swar thmor e and the trag e dy which took plac e there. Stude nt governme nt (at too ma ny oth e r oo lleges ) l S a p lay -time game of politics with more interest in the way the game is played th an in the accomp li shments which might come of it. Stude nt governmen t mu s t be th e voic e of al l student s --minority group s , fraternity and inde pendent students , m a l ~ and femal e studen ts--th e voic ~. of all stude nt s . Then minority group s can approach the administr ation through stu d e nt governm e nt orga ni zations . Then there can be open discussion, n e goti a tion or compromis e on ' ques tion s which truly affect an entire school . �1 - - 2 - Too often, the gap between. student and administration is seemingly insurmountable. The administration must respond to its students by listening, by talking, discussing, and by changing where change is called for. A f .ew moments ago, we used the words "negotiati9n" and "compromise". To some, these are unreasonablE? wordsithey allegedly show a sacrifice of ideals. This is untrue, they show a willingness on both sides to discuss and reason together. Unreasonable words are words like "non-negotiable demands". And these were the words used by young college students approaching the administration at Swarthmore. WCAU-TV would urge all college students to develop a meaningful student government which serves the needs of all students. We would also urge with equal emphasis that administrations show a greater willingness to listen and to react. If that could happen, some thing constructive will have come out of the tragic death of Dr. Courtne y Smith, President of Swarthmore Coll ege . Presente d by Peter W. Dunc a n - WCAU-TV Editori a l Director � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Rapport Based on Mutual Respect and Discussion Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis January 1969 (20-26) Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [none] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available WCAU-TV Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/20/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in Courtney Smith's death http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/c74446f8b751939ed33a3107eea8b0de.jpg 824c67c49fe958711c1fbccb1d73d158 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Crackdown is Coming Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis February 1969 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edward Mowery Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/20/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/8a4de6c88097902f8dd0f754bebda36c.pdf 879ab236ce0f4981241eaba404219922 PDF Text Text �� �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith: Quaker, President of Swarthmore, Scholar, Friend Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis February 1969 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Gilmore Stott Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Friends Journal Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/15/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Courtney Smith's death President's Office http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/b95a5830589e0d3901ce09fc3d6001ec.pdf f49c71628f7e9b7962b07e9890205b57 PDF Text Text SWARTHMORE COLLEGE SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA February 12, 1969 To Alumni, Parents of Swarthmore students, and Friends of Swarthmore: We send this report to you to inform you of what has been happening at Swarthm9re during the past few weeks. It is a presentation of the issues involved and of the actions that have been taken by the Faculty and Board of Managers. For a number of years, the College has been able to achieve a significant increase in the number of black stUdents ,enro.l led at Swarthmore. Such efforts were supported by our own students who visited high schools on behalf of the College and were intensified and given increased effectiveness through the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in the spring of 1964. While the College had been relatively successful in enrolling more black students, Frederick A. Hargadon, Dean of Admissions, informed the Faculty last spring that the conditions under which such recruitment took place had changed significantly in the past two years. In the decade from 1953 to 1963, the average number of black students in each class had been two; in the next five years the average in each class climbed to 12, and in the Class of 1969, 19 black students were enrolled as freshmen. In the past three years, in spite of vigorous recruitment efforts, the number enrolled has declined. It was onlJT 10 in each of the present junior and sophomore classes, and the ~igure dropped to 8 in the present freshman class. In discussing this complex problem before the Faculty last spring, Dean Hargadon pointed out that among the many factors involved, two stood out: a major increase in the number of colleges and universities actively seeking to enroll. large numbers of black students, and the relative constancy of the size of the pool of black graduates of secondary schools who could meet the admissions requirements of colleges like Swarthmore. As a result, he said, Swarthmore found it increa.singly difficult to maintain the success which characterized its recent efforts in this area. The College's efforts in recruiting black students over the past five years were reviewed in a report drawn up over the past summer by Dean Hargadon. The report discussed the problems and prospects to be faced by the College in its efforts to recruit black students in the future and suggested various policy alternatives to be considered. The Admissions Policy Committee adopted the report as its working paperand proceeded immediately to seek additional information on the problem from a variety of sources. The Committee asked the black students currently enrolled at Swarthmore for their ideas, it solicited information from other colleges and universities who were concerned with the same problems, and it familiarized itself with existing special programs aimed at increasing the pool of qualified black applicants. The Committee studied the problem throughout the semester and in December produced a set of policy recommendations for discussion by the Facul~y, administration, and student body. Eleven recommendations in the report sought ways in which the College could: . (1) Assure an increased enrollment of black students at Swarthmore (2) Use its resources to make w'hatever appropriate contributions it might toward increasing the number of black students able to go on to college in general throughout the country �(3) More satisfactorily respond to those particular needs, both academic and social, deemed to be uniquely theirs by the black students already enrolled in the College. In the meantime, on December 23, the Swarthmore Afro-P~erican Students' Society (SASS) sent to President Courtney Smith a letter setting forth its "demands" regarding black admissions. They were directed at increasing "the enrollment of black students in order to achieve the critical mass necessary to sustain a viable healthy black student population." Specific steps called for were'" intensified recrui tment efforts in order t.o increase the number of black students at s...arthmore to one hundred and fifty within the next six years and the enrollment of between ten and t vJenty so-called "risk" black students for next year. SASS asked for pre-enrollment and post-enrollment 'isupport!l programs for black students to enable them to meet the College's academic standards, and for the recruitment of black transfer student.s. And finally SASS asked for the appointment of a black assistant 'dean of admissions and for a black counselor. On January 9, the day members of SASS occupied the Admissions Office, these demands were extended to include a request for a complete identification and description of the decision-making organs of the College, participation by black people in policy making on all levels, and the pledge that no disciplinary action be taken against the black students who were participating in the direct acti on. The recommendations of the Admissions Policy Committee Report and the demands of SASS in regard to the recruitinent and enrollment of black students Here not diss1milar. The Faculty, in addressing itself to these problems, considered the two documents simultaneously - a procedure which had been proposed to SASS members by Presi dent Smith before SASS's direct action. The Faculty agreed to' use the SASS demands to draw up agendas but to keep both documents constantly in front of them. \ The Admissions Policy Committee report called for the College to "continue to recruit vigorously" the best qualified black secondary school graduates, and urged the College to strive for a "minimum of twenty!! black students in each freshman class. It called for enrolling, as an experiment, a small number of students (somewhere between five and ten) who, '~hile they fall just below our normal admissions s tandards, are believed to possess other qualities which "Till enable them to 'close the gap' in their academic preparation through i ndividually tailored programs during their freshman year, or longer if necessary." The Admissions Policy Committee Report also advanced four proposals for enhancing the opportunities for all black students to attend college: that the College continue its Upward Bound Program and i,ts participation in programs such as the Colleg.e fuund Corporation- of l2hilaaelpl'lia, and- that it consider establishing a summer program simila.r to A Better Chance Program and a one-evening-a-week seminar program on campus for able, socio-economically deprived eleventh and/ or twelfth grade students from local secondary schools. In regard to black student life at Swarthmore, the Admissions Policy Committee Report recognized the need fo r black adults within the College community with whom black students could seek counseling, recommended "some informal process" whereby unique needs of black students could find expression and support, and urged campus organizations such as Student Council and the Cooper Foundation Committee to be aware of the need for activities larg ely black in orientation. In a series of almost continuous meetings between January 9 and January 13, the Faculty accomplished the major part of its job concerned with these two document s. The first resolution, pa ssed the evening of January 9, read: "The Faculty, in the midst of acting on the problems of black admissions and a black curriculum, finds i tself faced with a resort to force and a refusal to make use of rational procedures. The Faculty deplores the use of force a.nd plans to continue the orderly considera.tion of the problems to which it was addressing itself when the Admissions Office was occupied. It invites all members of the College community to Hork toward �the resolution of the present crisis." As one faculty member put it, II0ur awareness of the crisis situation caused us to move more rapidly, but we did not simply meet demands. It/e did what ,vB felt was right. II The ensuing resolut.ions passed by the Faculty regarding sp ecific procedures for recruiting and enrolling black students answered a conc ern expressed by SASS and shared. by the Faculty that the College achieve flo. viable healthy black student population . 1I The Faculty resolved tha.t the College strive to enroll a minimum of 25 bl2.ck students in each freshm8.n class and expressed the hope that this number could be increased to 35 after a three-year period. To attain this goa.l, the Faculty proposed the appointment of a black admission s officer and called for the College to "vigorously extend its recruitment of the best black secondary school graduates," recruit black students from conllnunity and junior colleges, and set as its goal the enrollment of a "significant number (approximn.tely 10) of black stUdents whose qualifica.tions are outside normal admissions criteria for the year 1969-70. II The Fa culty emphasized that no lowering of acadE'.mic sta.ndards at the College was anticipated or intended. One faculty member commented: 1I~'J8 had no intention of taking in people who can I t do the work. We wanted to provi.de some flexibility in admissions, not at graduation . " In its consideration of the problem of increasing black enrollment at colleges and universities throughout the country, the Faculty resolutions followed closely the substance of the A ~Jnissions Policy Committee Report , at the same time meeting certain Goncerns expressed in the SASS demands. The Faculty resolved that the College negotiate with institutions conducting stunrner enrichment programs for entering freshmen so that students accepted by Swart.hmore could attend such programs and that it negotiate with private secondary s chools to arrange that black students Nho need further preparation may attend such a school for a year on 5cholarship. In regard to black stUdent life at Swartr.more, the third main area of concern of the A.dmissions Policy Corrnnittee Report, the Faculty supported a recommendation of the report by urging Student Council and other organizations to be aware of the nEcd for activities largely black in orientation. Further, the Faculty supported the appointment of a black administrative officer to be primarily available to black stUdents for confidential advice and guidance. The Faculty ended its series of meetings of January 9 to 13 with resolutions (1) urging the President and the Board to secure the necessary funds to carry out its actions; (2) affirming the statement made by President Smith in his letter of December 31 that "this College has never been and must never be governed by demands or moved by threats"; (3) noting that "faculty resolutions made on the basis of the SASS document of 23 December 1968 and tbe report of the Admissions Policy Committee have been accepted because the Faculty believes they are right"; and (4) announcing that nthe College does not contemplate disciplinary action for the SASS actions that are presently knovm to it. II The Faculty also stated that it ilauthorized the participation of black people in shaping policies on matters relating directly to the special interests 9f black students. II During the week of January 13, representatives of SASS were meeting with faculty representatives to clarify certain faculty actions when the College suffered the heavy loss, by sudden death through heart attack, of President Smith on January 16. SASS ended its occupation of the Admissions Office later that day. The occupation bad disrupted the work of the Admiss ions Office but no violence was involved and no records were disturbed or property damaged. On January 13 President Smith told members of the College community (see page 2 of the enclosed Phoenix for full text): "I strongly support the actions we " have taken as a Faculty, and I will strongly support them to the Board. of Nanagers. am confident that the Boa.rd shares the same va.lues and concerns that have motivated the Faculty in our actions. II And, indeed, after the Board convened in a special I �meeting on January 25, Edward K. Cratsley, acting president, reported to the Faculty "t hat the Board supports fully the basic educational purpos es and objectives of the actions which the Faculty has taken in respect to the problems of black student admissions, counseling and support programs and encourages the Faculty and administration to continue with procedures Vlhich are now being followed to resolve and implement further these matters, including a.ny necessary legal aspects." President Cratsley also reported that the Board expressed its full agreement with the following faculty resolution passed on January 24: "A college is essentially a free community of scholars dedicated to the pursuit of truth and knowledge through reason and with civility. As the Faculty of Swarthmore College continues to discuss the questions before it, it expe cts to act in acco rdance with thi.s principle. tlHecent developments confront the Swarthmore community with an unprecedented situation. It should not be presumed that in the event of future actions outside the framework of normal procedures, decisions taken during the crisis that began on 23 December 1968 are precedents to govern the conduct of the College. "The Faculty recommends that a joint committee of the Board , administration, Faculty and students be appointed to formulate procedures and substantive principles for application if a future crisis of this kind arises." As the preparation of this report to you was concluded, the College was undertaking to implement the faculty resolutions. Still on the faculty agenda wa s the possible establishment of a Black Interest Committee and some clarification of details of action already taken. The appointment of the joi nt committee of Boar d , administration, Faculty, and students requested by the Faculty "to formulat e procedures and substantive principles for application if a future crisis of this kind arises" has been approved by the Board and is in process. \men these findings have been prepared, they will be publicized. During the seven days i n January from the l oth through the 17th, when t he pace of events was at itG height, the staff of the s tudent newspaper, The Pho enix, worked through the night hours, to publish seven issues of some eight mimeographed pages each, chronicling events of the preceding day. This accurate and r esponsible reportorial job of a most complex set of issues was indispensable to the College comll1u.n i ty. On January 29 The Phoenix again appeared in its regular printed format to offer its readers on pages four through six a summary of recent events and also to r ecord some of the documents that resulted from the eVEnts. We enclose this comprehensiveaccount fOr your information . - ----~ We are also glad to make a vailable upon request r ep rints of the complete texts of the December 18 Admissions Policy Committee Report, the December 23 letter of the S"ivarthmore Afro-American Studen s ' resldent Smith, the DecembeI.-ll letter 0 resident Smith to the Faculty notifying them of the SASS letter and providing them with background information, 8.nd the complete text of the faculty resolutions of Febnlary 5. - as The March issue of the Swarthmore Alumni Bulletin will be a memorial issue to President Courtney Smith. c?C~7 /~#c Ct-vI-~ Edward K. Cratsley Acting President Chairman, Board of Nanagers � SWARTHMORE COLLEGE SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA February 12, 1969 To Alumni, Parents of Swarthmore students, and Friends of Swarthmore: We send this report to you to inform you of what has been happening at Swarthm9re during the past few weeks. It is a presentation of the issues involved and of the actions that have been taken by the Faculty and Board of Managers. For a number of years, the College has been able to achieve a significant increase in the number of black stUdents ,enro.l led at Swarthmore. Such efforts were supported by our own students who visited high schools on behalf of the College and were intensified and given increased effectiveness through the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in the spring of 1964. While the College had been relatively successful in enrolling more black students, Frederick A. Hargadon, Dean of Admissions, informed the Faculty last spring that the conditions under which such recruitment took place had changed significantly in the past two years. In the decade from 1953 to 1963, the average number of black students in each class had been two; in the next five years the average in each class climbed to 12, and in the Class of 1969, 19 black students were enrolled as freshmen. In the past three years, in spite of vigorous recruitment efforts, the number enrolled has declined. It was onlJT 10 in each of the present junior and sophomore classes, and the ~igure dropped to 8 in the present freshman class. In discussing this complex problem before the Faculty last spring, Dean Hargadon pointed out that among the many factors involved, two stood out: a major increase in the number of colleges and universities actively seeking to enroll. large numbers of black students, and the relative constancy of the size of the pool of black graduates of secondary schools who could meet the admissions requirements of colleges like Swarthmore. As a result, he said, Swarthmore found it increa.singly difficult to maintain the success which characterized its recent efforts in this area. The College's efforts in recruiting black students over the past five years were reviewed in a report drawn up over the past summer by Dean Hargadon. The report discussed the problems and prospects to be faced by the College in its efforts to recruit black students in the future and suggested various policy alternatives to be considered. The Admissions Policy Committee adopted the report as its working paperand proceeded immediately to seek additional information on the problem from a variety of sources. The Committee asked the black students currently enrolled at Swarthmore for their ideas, it solicited information from other colleges and universities who were concerned with the same problems, and it familiarized itself with existing special programs aimed at increasing the pool of qualified black applicants. The Committee studied the problem throughout the semester and in December produced a set of policy recommendations for discussion by the Facul~y, administration, and student body. Eleven recommendations in the report sought ways in which the College could: . (1) Assure an increased enrollment of black students at Swarthmore (2) Use its resources to make w'hatever appropriate contributions it might toward increasing the number of black students able to go on to college in general throughout the country �(3) More satisfactorily respond to those particular needs, both academic and social, deemed to be uniquely theirs by the black students already enrolled in the College. In the meantime, on December 23, the Swarthmore Afro-P~erican Students' Society (SASS) sent to President Courtney Smith a letter setting forth its "demands" regarding black admissions. They were directed at increasing "the enrollment of black students in order to achieve the critical mass necessary to sustain a viable healthy black student population." Specific steps called for were'" intensified recrui tment efforts in order t.o increase the number of black students at s...arthmore to one hundred and fifty within the next six years and the enrollment of between ten and t vJenty so-called "risk" black students for next year. SASS asked for pre-enrollment and post-enrollment 'isupport!l programs for black students to enable them to meet the College's academic standards, and for the recruitment of black transfer student.s. And finally SASS asked for the appointment of a black assistant 'dean of admissions and for a black counselor. On January 9, the day members of SASS occupied the Admissions Office, these demands were extended to include a request for a complete identification and description of the decision-making organs of the College, participation by black people in policy making on all levels, and the pledge that no disciplinary action be taken against the black students who were participating in the direct acti on. The recommendations of the Admissions Policy Committee Report and the demands of SASS in regard to the recruitinent and enrollment of black students Here not diss1milar. The Faculty, in addressing itself to these problems, considered the two documents simultaneously - a procedure which had been proposed to SASS members by Presi dent Smith before SASS's direct action. The Faculty agreed to' use the SASS demands to draw up agendas but to keep both documents constantly in front of them. \ The Admissions Policy Committee report called for the College to "continue to recruit vigorously" the best qualified black secondary school graduates, and urged the College to strive for a "minimum of twenty!! black students in each freshman class. It called for enrolling, as an experiment, a small number of students (somewhere between five and ten) who, '~hile they fall just below our normal admissions s tandards, are believed to possess other qualities which "Till enable them to 'close the gap' in their academic preparation through i ndividually tailored programs during their freshman year, or longer if necessary." The Admissions Policy Committee Report also advanced four proposals for enhancing the opportunities for all black students to attend college: that the College continue its Upward Bound Program and i,ts participation in programs such as the Colleg.e fuund Corporation- of l2hilaaelpl'lia, and- that it consider establishing a summer program simila.r to A Better Chance Program and a one-evening-a-week seminar program on campus for able, socio-economically deprived eleventh and/ or twelfth grade students from local secondary schools. In regard to black student life at Swarthmore, the Admissions Policy Committee Report recognized the need fo r black adults within the College community with whom black students could seek counseling, recommended "some informal process" whereby unique needs of black students could find expression and support, and urged campus organizations such as Student Council and the Cooper Foundation Committee to be aware of the need for activities larg ely black in orientation. In a series of almost continuous meetings between January 9 and January 13, the Faculty accomplished the major part of its job concerned with these two document s. The first resolution, pa ssed the evening of January 9, read: "The Faculty, in the midst of acting on the problems of black admissions and a black curriculum, finds i tself faced with a resort to force and a refusal to make use of rational procedures. The Faculty deplores the use of force a.nd plans to continue the orderly considera.tion of the problems to which it was addressing itself when the Admissions Office was occupied. It invites all members of the College community to Hork toward �the resolution of the present crisis." As one faculty member put it, II0ur awareness of the crisis situation caused us to move more rapidly, but we did not simply meet demands. It/e did what ,vB felt was right. II The ensuing resolut.ions passed by the Faculty regarding sp ecific procedures for recruiting and enrolling black students answered a conc ern expressed by SASS and shared. by the Faculty that the College achieve flo. viable healthy black student population . 1I The Faculty resolved tha.t the College strive to enroll a minimum of 25 bl2.ck students in each freshm8.n class and expressed the hope that this number could be increased to 35 after a three-year period. To attain this goa.l, the Faculty proposed the appointment of a black admission s officer and called for the College to "vigorously extend its recruitment of the best black secondary school graduates," recruit black students from conllnunity and junior colleges, and set as its goal the enrollment of a "significant number (approximn.tely 10) of black stUdents whose qualifica.tions are outside normal admissions criteria for the year 1969-70. II The Fa culty emphasized that no lowering of acadE'.mic sta.ndards at the College was anticipated or intended. One faculty member commented: 1I~'J8 had no intention of taking in people who can I t do the work. We wanted to provi.de some flexibility in admissions, not at graduation . " In its consideration of the problem of increasing black enrollment at colleges and universities throughout the country, the Faculty resolutions followed closely the substance of the A ~Jnissions Policy Committee Report , at the same time meeting certain Goncerns expressed in the SASS demands. The Faculty resolved that the College negotiate with institutions conducting stunrner enrichment programs for entering freshmen so that students accepted by Swart.hmore could attend such programs and that it negotiate with private secondary s chools to arrange that black students Nho need further preparation may attend such a school for a year on 5cholarship. In regard to black stUdent life at Swartr.more, the third main area of concern of the A.dmissions Policy Corrnnittee Report, the Faculty supported a recommendation of the report by urging Student Council and other organizations to be aware of the nEcd for activities largely black in orientation. Further, the Faculty supported the appointment of a black administrative officer to be primarily available to black stUdents for confidential advice and guidance. The Faculty ended its series of meetings of January 9 to 13 with resolutions (1) urging the President and the Board to secure the necessary funds to carry out its actions; (2) affirming the statement made by President Smith in his letter of December 31 that "this College has never been and must never be governed by demands or moved by threats"; (3) noting that "faculty resolutions made on the basis of the SASS document of 23 December 1968 and tbe report of the Admissions Policy Committee have been accepted because the Faculty believes they are right"; and (4) announcing that nthe College does not contemplate disciplinary action for the SASS actions that are presently knovm to it. II The Faculty also stated that it ilauthorized the participation of black people in shaping policies on matters relating directly to the special interests 9f black students. II During the week of January 13, representatives of SASS were meeting with faculty representatives to clarify certain faculty actions when the College suffered the heavy loss, by sudden death through heart attack, of President Smith on January 16. SASS ended its occupation of the Admissions Office later that day. The occupation bad disrupted the work of the Admiss ions Office but no violence was involved and no records were disturbed or property damaged. On January 13 President Smith told members of the College community (see page 2 of the enclosed Phoenix for full text): "I strongly support the actions we " have taken as a Faculty, and I will strongly support them to the Board. of Nanagers. am confident that the Boa.rd shares the same va.lues and concerns that have motivated the Faculty in our actions. II And, indeed, after the Board convened in a special I �meeting on January 25, Edward K. Cratsley, acting president, reported to the Faculty "t hat the Board supports fully the basic educational purpos es and objectives of the actions which the Faculty has taken in respect to the problems of black student admissions, counseling and support programs and encourages the Faculty and administration to continue with procedures Vlhich are now being followed to resolve and implement further these matters, including a.ny necessary legal aspects." President Cratsley also reported that the Board expressed its full agreement with the following faculty resolution passed on January 24: "A college is essentially a free community of scholars dedicated to the pursuit of truth and knowledge through reason and with civility. As the Faculty of Swarthmore College continues to discuss the questions before it, it expe cts to act in acco rdance with thi.s principle. tlHecent developments confront the Swarthmore community with an unprecedented situation. It should not be presumed that in the event of future actions outside the framework of normal procedures, decisions taken during the crisis that began on 23 December 1968 are precedents to govern the conduct of the College. "The Faculty recommends that a joint committee of the Board , administration, Faculty and students be appointed to formulate procedures and substantive principles for application if a future crisis of this kind arises." As the preparation of this report to you was concluded, the College was undertaking to implement the faculty resolutions. Still on the faculty agenda wa s the possible establishment of a Black Interest Committee and some clarification of details of action already taken. The appointment of the joi nt committee of Boar d , administration, Faculty, and students requested by the Faculty "to formulat e procedures and substantive principles for application if a future crisis of this kind arises" has been approved by the Board and is in process. \men these findings have been prepared, they will be publicized. During the seven days i n January from the l oth through the 17th, when t he pace of events was at itG height, the staff of the s tudent newspaper, The Pho enix, worked through the night hours, to publish seven issues of some eight mimeographed pages each, chronicling events of the preceding day. This accurate and r esponsible reportorial job of a most complex set of issues was indispensable to the College comll1u.n i ty. On January 29 The Phoenix again appeared in its regular printed format to offer its readers on pages four through six a summary of recent events and also to r ecord some of the documents that resulted from the eVEnts. We enclose this comprehensiveaccount fOr your information . - ----~ We are also glad to make a vailable upon request r ep rints of the complete texts of the December 18 Admissions Policy Committee Report, the December 23 letter of the S"ivarthmore Afro-American Studen s ' resldent Smith, the DecembeI.-ll letter 0 resident Smith to the Faculty notifying them of the SASS letter and providing them with background information, 8.nd the complete text of the faculty resolutions of Febnlary 5. - as The March issue of the Swarthmore Alumni Bulletin will be a memorial issue to President Courtney Smith. c?C~7 /~#c Ct-vI-~ Edward K. Cratsley Acting President Chairman, Board of Nanagers � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Letter to Alumni, Parents, and Friends from Robert Browning and Edward Cratsley 02/12/1969] Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis February 1969 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robert Browning Edward Cratsley Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/12/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in Black admissions Board of Managers President's Office http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/7eaa7f43a4a644f6594bfa692d9ced38.pdf 5cce133f62583b06cbccaf1a04b50ac9 PDF Text Text �� �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Quaker Way vs. Confrontation Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Harry Toland Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [01/1969] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in Black admissions Black Studies http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/33850e213592db84a9b1b17fe4fbc1a2.jpg 55076a6fa9bb8d1b0ab3baa730cd3db9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Educators Must Make a Stand Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [none] Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/19/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/d7017505f170ab972969a313ffbb727e.jpg 398521b127b437d3951ea029421092e9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Crises of the Top Schools Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Roche Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/24/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/dd9133b8245dd67fd191e3ce0804ed99.jpg d25bbc6f0107e047b83a3cfa7b42a37b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource College Tide Shifting Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Kilpatrick Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [n.d.] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/419692f78f93a71517275bbd26c317f0.jpg bbdb1505f64595448e7ccbc0a040761f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black-Led Campus Eruptions Must Be Halted Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carl Rowan Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [n.d.] Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available [Philadelphia Bulletin] http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/b737cf0ecfd15da8d9bb350c01452e6e.jpg ee02714d07ecb132d9b680c7e1537766 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Tragedy at Swarthmore Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Janet Koch Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Washington Post Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/23/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1969 sit-in Courtney Smith's death http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/a498f8bc2f20413873e33e3af1795928.jpg 95a1073dc35672253a10f4ca574a74a2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Engulfed by Black Anger Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Time Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/17/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [none] 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/187b1198119c694b94a8237f967c6eb0.pdf 31bcf3ab6b2f7156d1ae581a07f33ccb PDF Text Text �� �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource SAAS sass Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource [none] Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Magazine Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 02/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/863b3a8e364e00c3d6978c2c366d8469.jpg 95bfc086d4d543ae91cad0f84963e1a4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Head of Swarthmore Backs Faculty Plan to Change Negro Policy Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dominic Sama Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Inquirer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/14/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1969 sit-in Black admissions Faculty President's Office http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/db4247a2a4831472793404c569af52ad.jpg a9472f0a0f7552d1de904ae0faec1e0a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4 Stage Hunger Strike at Swarthmore Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dominic Sama Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Inquirer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/15/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/a4c30e2f37cf6559ed861203787b278a.pdf bda24e72a8980e7bb01fb221c4749811 PDF Text Text ��� ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Swarthmore Sit-In Halts Classes, Registration Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francis Geary Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Evening Bulletin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/10/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/bc5b276f7cbd3e903417d6d505dd299d.pdf 20885b5f630612ef74bcd7f24c91dbe8 PDF Text Text �� �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Episcopalian Warns Whites at Swarthmore Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francis Geary Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Evening Bulletin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/14/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF http://s3.amazonaws.com/sc-lib-ds-bl1969/original/b800083eb7ad942cb1ce088302230c7e.pdf 6117801d12cba19e05fa5b458ab00e6e PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Courtney Smith Papers Description An account of the resource Correspondence, reports, recommendations, statements, and news clippings from students, administrators, board members, and alums. All of these documents passed through the Swarthmore President's Office during Courtney Smith's time there. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Friends Historical Library Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 500 Return to Classes at Swarthmore Description An account of the resource Box 11, Black Crisis - Newspaper Clippings Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Francis Geary Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Philadelphia Evening Bulletin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 01/14/1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF 1969 sit-in