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                <text>'Black Philosophies of Liberation': Legacies of Student Activism at Swarthmore College</text>
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                  <text>Clippings from The Phoenix, the student newspaper of Swarthmore College, from the fall of 1968 to the fall of 1973. The newspaper was at that time a bi-weekly publication with the exception of a special supplement on rare occasions such as during the 1969 sit-in which were on a daily basis. Articles mostly, but not exclusively, pertain to events and issues on campus. </text>
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                <text>'Pathological Poor' Cause Urban Ills, Banfield Says </text>
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                    <text>"HISZ::" STUDEiJTS AND THE S,HATID:!ORE Iv IQVEr'iENT
.~~,

..

. ':

The SDS Labor Committee supports , the SASS demand f'or the admission of' several "risk H students. The demand for 10-20 "risks" represents the f'irst tentative, mod~rate expression of' what should rightly be~ome a major f'ocus of any movement which seriously hopes to signif'iciantly alter the character of' the university ad the society which it is supposed to serve. He would recommend a university policy which would guarantee admis~ions to a substantial number of black and white working class youth. " Moreover this is not a m~tter of moral preference. lile would contend that the enrollment ' o~gqetto high school victims and their white countep parts must be a leading f'eature of a program intent on reversing the disgusting decay of the human and material resources in our country. This is also to suggest that failing to adopt such an enrollment policy as our own guarantees our futures as rather pathetic managers of an , accelerating social rot.
of, •

Ghetto Education nnd l"lod ern Productive Labor The demand for a ' four year coll ege education or its equivalent for expanded numbers of black and lflThite working classs youth otherwise expresses the country's imme d iate need for a greatly enlarged modern productive labor forc e - tha t is a working population equipped with t h e skills requi~ed to operate the most advanced technologies pres e ntly associated with the military and aerospace industries. That this sort of training is simply not taking place must be immediately apparent to anyone entering a ghetto high school. In f'act the op p osite is occurring. Skill levels of all kinds and subsequnet employment possibio ' ites are declining for thousands. The increasingly diluted academic pablum served up in the average ghetto classroom is ruining the futures of a majority of ghetto students, leaving them unfit to ma n even the most primitive technologies connected to the most b a ckward industries (garment for example). High school has become a one-way street to the army, unemployment, welfare rolls or at best $1.60/hour ba ~k-b~eaking jobs. This destruction of human life and potential is only appropriately reflective of a more genoral decay of the whole of society productive powers. Toles of growing poverty and even SUbstantial st arvation ar e too common to need repition here. Of less common knowledge is the recent decline in living standards ~f the whole ~f the working popUlation reflected in a three year trend toward lower real wages (proceeding at a 7.8% annual rate as of Oct.), caused by a 610 yearly inflation and an apparently uncontrollable tax spiral. Massive consumer needs are going largely unmet. Supplies of schools, hospitals, h~using, urban transit etc. are entirely inadequete and growing more so. Finally basic industry is de~ades rleep in obsolescence. Garment industry techn~logy dates from the 19201S. Much of the steel plant is archaic by European standards. The technology of the metal working andustry is the olaest in the industrializei world. The same applies to the shipbuilding and railroad inrlustries and even t~ those sectors of the elctrical ind~stry not directly connecterl to the military sector. (Extensive documentati~n of industrial decay can be found in Se our Melman's ok, e nl @ e.d §oc ~.±i-y t

Ow

�pr~nuction. The pr~ductive plant is rotting. The ec~nomy is failing t~ even maintain, much less exrand the level of living f~r mest of the working and unemployed ~opulation. In the midst of the mess capital flows are headed out of the productive sect~r

In sh~rt the country is in the grip of a crisis ~f under-

of the economy into absolutely non-productive areas. Speculation in industrial stocks and bonds, trading in government and public authority securities, slum real estate ~~eculatien, investment in titles to military and aerospace plant and a cancerous expansi~n ~f all kinds ~f parasitic corporate, advertising, financial and government bureaucracies are claiming the lions share of available capital res~urces. Why these essential13f wa stef'ul areas of investment are ao ~verwhelmiugly appealing at this time to major fln911c8il and corporate interests cl1nnot be competently explRiuo d h e re. What ahouln be obvious h ..wever l is that to even make a dent in the three trillion d~lla:r' poverty deficit requires the imme diate r'Adh·0 G !;:i..on ef masRive capital flows. It is no exaggeration t o sa;Jf th A ()l..l.r cr) l J.n~~ l· ·Y j $ 'u-"') " "" f1,rH.' lffl' o d 8 ]l.1 nrvl(n~~lfJ I] 1-1 1oping at .t n. 'r' ''::-': ~; " ,~ ~. 0 ~ -r:f ~ 'y::,_ J: i. 0 to e -l- , )p ; i f' "hpre i s to b e ::m~T }I f'' T' ''' r::~ b ~J ::.:,i, !:~- t t: .. ~:. :.~.1, i': !·~t_ r) (\ :.: is () 1-,.: ~.' ~~~: :, ~r . ~: t:.,::' . i · : ...: _ C C~.::. ~ :!_ :-. ;.0::1 l:~ .~ . ~~_l.-'.:; C;'./ ~~ ~ .~ " C~
-l '.

t ...... :

�eliminating the absolutely abysmal conditions of life confronting a good one third of the population, there must be a re-industrialization of the U.S. Without the investment of at least $50 billion a year in the production of expanded means of production and consumption there can be no talk about eradicating poverty or any of its social sicknesses. This kind of investment ~olicy would lead to the creation of 4 ,million new productive jobs a year in modernized industries requiring the highest levels of skill and education. Even today, apprenticeship in the newest portions of the printing industry invalves the equivalent of a college education. The same is true for much military technology and the military related sections of the electrical industry. The educational requisites of a modern labor force cannor be measured merely in terms of degrees of technical aptitude. To effectiv~ly assimilate the knowledge assoc~ated with a highly complex economy and culture demands highly developed synthetic and creative ' intellectual abilities. A pol&amp;cy of productive investwent then would mean a greatly augmented program of higher eaucation for presently non-educated and mis-educated youth, so that they might be employed at skill and wage levels consonant with the most advanced parts of the space industry. Program along these lines meets the needs of the country as a whole as well as the immediate aspirations of ghetto and other working class youth for a decent future.
approximatel~
~he Philad8lQhia High School Movement In this connection the Labor committee condemns Swathmore's admissions policy, because of its de facto exclusion of black and other working class students, and supports and extends the demand raised by SASS. We recognize that such an enrollment policy implies de ep-going changes in educational arrangments at Swathmore. Although the problems are serious, we nevertheless believe them to be solvable and in the interest of all Swathmore students. A high school campai~n now b e ing conducted in Phila. provides an-ex ffin~~~~0ssjble _di~ection for the Swathmore movement. Several members of the Black Panthe r Parl;y=rurd---etre SjJS~ T:l'abe-r -CQmmit-t aa ~_ __ ar e organizing a high school movement cnntered mainly, although not exclusively, in some of the major ghetto high schools. The leading demands of that movement are 1. The construction of 33 n ew schools (a cons e~~ ativ e e stimate of the city government on the number of new schools needed to relie ve overcrowding). 2. Expanded job-training programs for jobs that do exist - many vocational schools train students for nonexistent jobs or offer courses attuned to the automotive and shop practice of two decades ago. 3. R'lEpmnded Cnllege p:,era~_~.~ .o!,y J~.!,ogh~ 4. Full aid colle , e educa.tioA*'*.f~~\Silall hi h H~S. graduates W 0 wish to attend but can't afford ~t. • rrt:'d nct~ve we ll-paying jobs for H.S. graauate-s -:..' a recognition tha t the ronts 0 1' the school crisis lie with the general cond53: ions of ghe tto ; l l:fe and that r emod i e s limited to the schoo. sy o t ; e m are chi meraA. 1 Finally, the mov ement propOS GS to finance its pr \.'.) g,t' om by trueing various forms of spe cu1.a tive inv8 flIJment (slum r eal estate speculation and public authority pork barrel bond issues being the mast immediately identifiable) as opposed to any increased wage taxation. This last proposal on financing then concretely links the aims of the high school movement with the needs and interests of the rest of thewage~ earn~ng popul at~on •. '

~

�"STUDENT INTERESTS" ? The Labor Comrnittee b e-rieveS-that the- movement at Swathmore must proceed to link up with braoder social layers in the kind of moveme nt outlined above. It should be clear that programmatic struggle aimed at arresting the underproduction crisis is in the immediate interests ,of black oppressed. We also contend that the fight r~r re-industrialization, productive jobs and expanded higher 0ducation for working class students is in the interests of college students as well. Like it or not, we too ' are currently being trainec1 as highly "skilled" members of a non-productive labor force. Ho are headed for "cnre~rs" as corporate, financial and gl'werIl1Jlent hureaucrats, slick marketing pnrasites, technicians for the militfU Y? QPQlogists for social misery, pokicemen of social discontent in the ' ghettn classrofllm, and embarassed dispensers of inade&lt;1uete, degrfl d.i.ng "l81fare doles. Our only hope for a decent, '['roductive future de'Pends on joining with the kind of br~ader movement, embry':)1d~ R.I1Y :re'p',N}sented by the Phila. high school drive. DI2.CUSSION - CRITICISM WLCOME - 8 :oop .M. -Tues. 14th .. ~ TARBLES
9

�</text>
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                    <text>"HISZ::" STUDEiJTS AND THE S,HATID:!ORE Iv IQVEr'iENT
.~~,

..

. ':

The SDS Labor Committee supports , the SASS demand f'or the admission of' several "risk H students. The demand for 10-20 "risks" represents the f'irst tentative, mod~rate expression of' what should rightly be~ome a major f'ocus of any movement which seriously hopes to signif'iciantly alter the character of' the university ad the society which it is supposed to serve. He would recommend a university policy which would guarantee admis~ions to a substantial number of black and white working class youth. " Moreover this is not a m~tter of moral preference. lile would contend that the enrollment ' o~gqetto high school victims and their white countep parts must be a leading f'eature of a program intent on reversing the disgusting decay of the human and material resources in our country. This is also to suggest that failing to adopt such an enrollment policy as our own guarantees our futures as rather pathetic managers of an , accelerating social rot.
of, •

Ghetto Education nnd l"lod ern Productive Labor The demand for a ' four year coll ege education or its equivalent for expanded numbers of black and lflThite working classs youth otherwise expresses the country's imme d iate need for a greatly enlarged modern productive labor forc e - tha t is a working population equipped with t h e skills requi~ed to operate the most advanced technologies pres e ntly associated with the military and aerospace industries. That this sort of training is simply not taking place must be immediately apparent to anyone entering a ghetto high school. In f'act the op p osite is occurring. Skill levels of all kinds and subsequnet employment possibio ' ites are declining for thousands. The increasingly diluted academic pablum served up in the average ghetto classroom is ruining the futures of a majority of ghetto students, leaving them unfit to ma n even the most primitive technologies connected to the most b a ckward industries (garment for example). High school has become a one-way street to the army, unemployment, welfare rolls or at best $1.60/hour ba ~k-b~eaking jobs. This destruction of human life and potential is only appropriately reflective of a more genoral decay of the whole of society productive powers. Toles of growing poverty and even SUbstantial st arvation ar e too common to need repition here. Of less common knowledge is the recent decline in living standards ~f the whole ~f the working popUlation reflected in a three year trend toward lower real wages (proceeding at a 7.8% annual rate as of Oct.), caused by a 610 yearly inflation and an apparently uncontrollable tax spiral. Massive consumer needs are going largely unmet. Supplies of schools, hospitals, h~using, urban transit etc. are entirely inadequete and growing more so. Finally basic industry is de~ades rleep in obsolescence. Garment industry techn~logy dates from the 19201S. Much of the steel plant is archaic by European standards. The technology of the metal working andustry is the olaest in the industrializei world. The same applies to the shipbuilding and railroad inrlustries and even t~ those sectors of the elctrical ind~stry not directly connecterl to the military sector. (Extensive documentati~n of industrial decay can be found in Se our Melman's ok, e nl @ e.d §oc ~.±i-y t

Ow

�pr~nuction. The pr~ductive plant is rotting. The ec~nomy is failing t~ even maintain, much less exrand the level of living f~r mest of the working and unemployed ~opulation. In the midst of the mess capital flows are headed out of the productive sect~r

In sh~rt the country is in the grip of a crisis ~f under-

of the economy into absolutely non-productive areas. Speculation in industrial stocks and bonds, trading in government and public authority securities, slum real estate ~~eculatien, investment in titles to military and aerospace plant and a cancerous expansi~n ~f all kinds ~f parasitic corporate, advertising, financial and government bureaucracies are claiming the lions share of available capital res~urces. Why these essential13f wa stef'ul areas of investment are ao ~verwhelmiugly appealing at this time to major fln911c8il and corporate interests cl1nnot be competently explRiuo d h e re. What ahouln be obvious h ..wever l is that to even make a dent in the three trillion d~lla:r' poverty deficit requires the imme diate r'Adh·0 G !;:i..on ef masRive capital flows. It is no exaggeration t o sa;Jf th A ()l..l.r cr) l J.n~~ l· ·Y j $ 'u-"') " "" f1,rH.' lffl' o d 8 ]l.1 nrvl(n~~lfJ I] 1-1 1oping at .t n. 'r' ''::-': ~; " ,~ ~. 0 ~ -r:f ~ 'y::,_ J: i. 0 to e -l- , )p ; i f' "hpre i s to b e ::m~T }I f'' T' ''' r::~ b ~J ::.:,i, !:~- t t: .. ~:. :.~.1, i': !·~t_ r) (\ :.: is () 1-,.: ~.' ~~~: :, ~r . ~: t:.,::' . i · : ...: _ C C~.::. ~ :!_ :-. ;.0::1 l:~ .~ . ~~_l.-'.:; C;'./ ~~ ~ .~ " C~
-l '.

t ...... :

�eliminating the absolutely abysmal conditions of life confronting a good one third of the population, there must be a re-industrialization of the U.S. Without the investment of at least $50 billion a year in the production of expanded means of production and consumption there can be no talk about eradicating poverty or any of its social sicknesses. This kind of investment ~olicy would lead to the creation of 4 ,million new productive jobs a year in modernized industries requiring the highest levels of skill and education. Even today, apprenticeship in the newest portions of the printing industry invalves the equivalent of a college education. The same is true for much military technology and the military related sections of the electrical industry. The educational requisites of a modern labor force cannor be measured merely in terms of degrees of technical aptitude. To effectiv~ly assimilate the knowledge assoc~ated with a highly complex economy and culture demands highly developed synthetic and creative ' intellectual abilities. A pol&amp;cy of productive investwent then would mean a greatly augmented program of higher eaucation for presently non-educated and mis-educated youth, so that they might be employed at skill and wage levels consonant with the most advanced parts of the space industry. Program along these lines meets the needs of the country as a whole as well as the immediate aspirations of ghetto and other working class youth for a decent future.
approximatel~
~he Philad8lQhia High School Movement In this connection the Labor committee condemns Swathmore's admissions policy, because of its de facto exclusion of black and other working class students, and supports and extends the demand raised by SASS. We recognize that such an enrollment policy implies de ep-going changes in educational arrangments at Swathmore. Although the problems are serious, we nevertheless believe them to be solvable and in the interest of all Swathmore students. A high school campai~n now b e ing conducted in Phila. provides an-ex ffin~~~~0ssjble _di~ection for the Swathmore movement. Several members of the Black Panthe r Parl;y=rurd---etre SjJS~ T:l'abe-r -CQmmit-t aa ~_ __ ar e organizing a high school movement cnntered mainly, although not exclusively, in some of the major ghetto high schools. The leading demands of that movement are 1. The construction of 33 n ew schools (a cons e~~ ativ e e stimate of the city government on the number of new schools needed to relie ve overcrowding). 2. Expanded job-training programs for jobs that do exist - many vocational schools train students for nonexistent jobs or offer courses attuned to the automotive and shop practice of two decades ago. 3. R'lEpmnded Cnllege p:,era~_~.~ .o!,y J~.!,ogh~ 4. Full aid colle , e educa.tioA*'*.f~~\Silall hi h H~S. graduates W 0 wish to attend but can't afford ~t. • rrt:'d nct~ve we ll-paying jobs for H.S. graauate-s -:..' a recognition tha t the ronts 0 1' the school crisis lie with the general cond53: ions of ghe tto ; l l:fe and that r emod i e s limited to the schoo. sy o t ; e m are chi meraA. 1 Finally, the mov ement propOS GS to finance its pr \.'.) g,t' om by trueing various forms of spe cu1.a tive inv8 flIJment (slum r eal estate speculation and public authority pork barrel bond issues being the mast immediately identifiable) as opposed to any increased wage taxation. This last proposal on financing then concretely links the aims of the high school movement with the needs and interests of the rest of thewage~ earn~ng popul at~on •. '

~

�"STUDENT INTERESTS" ? The Labor Comrnittee b e-rieveS-that the- movement at Swathmore must proceed to link up with braoder social layers in the kind of moveme nt outlined above. It should be clear that programmatic struggle aimed at arresting the underproduction crisis is in the immediate interests ,of black oppressed. We also contend that the fight r~r re-industrialization, productive jobs and expanded higher 0ducation for working class students is in the interests of college students as well. Like it or not, we too ' are currently being trainec1 as highly "skilled" members of a non-productive labor force. Ho are headed for "cnre~rs" as corporate, financial and gl'werIl1Jlent hureaucrats, slick marketing pnrasites, technicians for the militfU Y? QPQlogists for social misery, pokicemen of social discontent in the ' ghettn classrofllm, and embarassed dispensers of inade&lt;1uete, degrfl d.i.ng "l81fare doles. Our only hope for a decent, '['roductive future de'Pends on joining with the kind of br~ader movement, embry':)1d~ R.I1Y :re'p',N}sented by the Phila. high school drive. DI2.CUSSION - CRITICISM WLCOME - 8 :oop .M. -Tues. 14th .. ~ TARBLES
9

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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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These songs, albums, and artists were chosen from those remembered by alumni. I would like to thank Joyce Frisby Baynes ‘68, Marilyn Holifield ‘69, Clinton Etheridge ‘69, and Don Mizell ‘71 for sharing their musical interests and memories while at Swarthmore, and I would like to thank Harold Buchanan ‘69 and Myra Rose ‘72 for remembering that Feliciano was played in the halls of Parrish, at least for a few nights. </text>
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&lt;span&gt;It reached #4 on the US&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Billboard&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Pop chart&amp;nbsp;and #2 on the UK pop chart and Irish Singles Chart.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;In 1970 the Edwin Hawkins Singers won the Grammy Award for Best Soul Gospel Performance for the song.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&#13;
&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Marilyn Holifield &amp;lsquo;69 recalled listening to this song as a student.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Pata Pata" is written in Xhosa; 'pata' translates to 'touch'. Dorothy Masuka wrote "Pata Pata", and Miriam Makeba first released it in 1957 in South Africa. It was first released in the United States in 1967 on the album&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Pata Pata&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;and as a single.</text>
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&#13;
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On the UK Singles Chart, the song hit #41. On the US&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Billboard&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Pop singles, it hit #35, and it hit #14 on the US&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Billboard&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Hot R&amp;amp;B/Hip-Hop Songs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id="docs-internal-guid-61335b5e-cbcd-0e96-5337-8fbbd26a0ee2"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Don Mizell &amp;lsquo;71 recalled listening to the band.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
These songs, albums, and artists were chosen from those remembered by alumni. I would like to thank Joyce Frisby Baynes ‘68, Marilyn Holifield ‘69, Clinton Etheridge ‘69, and Don Mizell ‘71 for sharing their musical interests and memories while at Swarthmore, and I would like to thank Harold Buchanan ‘69 and Myra Rose ‘72 for remembering that Feliciano was played in the halls of Parrish, at least for a few nights. </text>
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                <text>"Respect" was written by Steve Cropper and Otis Redding. Redding released the original version of the song in 1965.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aretha Franklin recorded and released "Respect" in 1967 as a single and later on the album&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;I Never Loved A Man The Way I Loved You&lt;/em&gt;.</text>
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&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;It is listed on the National Recording Registry. &amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p dir="ltr"&gt;&lt;span&gt;Don Mizell &amp;lsquo;71 recalled listening to the song.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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              <text>&lt;iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VrLBK2WXFQE" frameborder="0"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</text>
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        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>"Spiritual Trilogy: Oh, Freedom; Come And Go With Us; I'm On My Way"</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;"Oh Freedom" is a post-Civil War spiritual heavily associated with the Civil Rights Movement.&amp;nbsp;Joan Baez famously performed it in 1963 at the March on Washington.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;This version of "Oh, Freedom" was recorded as a part of "Spiritual Trilogy" on&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Also included on the track are&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;"Come and Go With Me" and "I'm on My Way". The album was released by Tradition Records in 1956.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7011">
                <text>1956</text>
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          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="7012">
                <text>http://YouTube.com</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="7013">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/static?template=terms"&gt;Standard YouTube License&lt;/a&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Grammercy Records&lt;br /&gt;published via YouTube.com</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>||||osm&#13;
Joyce Frisby Baynes '68 recalls singing "Oh Freedom" with others while at Swarthmore College. Marilyn Holifield ‘69 recalled listening to Odetta’s music. </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Odetta</text>
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