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                  <text>Audio files, transcriptions and photographs documenting the interviews of Swarthmore College alumni, former faculty, and community activists who played an active role in the Black activism at Swarthmore College from 1968 to 1972.</text>
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                  <text>Clippings from The Phoenix, the student newspaper of Swarthmore College, from the fall of 1968 to the fall of 1973. The newspaper was at that time a bi-weekly publication with the exception of a special supplement on rare occasions such as during the 1969 sit-in which were on a daily basis. Articles mostly, but not exclusively, pertain to events and issues on campus. </text>
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SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
5 WAR T HMO R E • PEN N 5 Y L V A N I A • 19081

DEPARTMENT OF

ECONOMIGS ~

.,.;.

Minutes of Black Studies Committee

The Blac k Stu dies ComThittee met Ap ril 27 , 1970 at 12:15 P.M. in Sharple s. In add.ition to the regular members , a numbe r of stu dents a nd faculty interested i n the p ro g ram participated in the meeting. The members on the Committee represe nti ng SASS f or t he comin g year are: lv} a r k Blackburn Rosalind P l umme r Trac y Ni cholas Linda Datcher Don Nizell The l e tte r written in response to the SASS let t er of Ap ril 15 , 1970 about the Committee's structure an d f u nctions was r evised i n certain details and t he Chairman wa s author i ze d to send the letter a s modified to SASS: a co p y is attached . SASS member s felt i t woul d be ver y help ful if Clement Cottingham c o ul d vi s it t he College this seme s t e r and it was tentative l y a g re e d t h is woul d be don e if funds could be f ound . A major purpose of his visit wou l d be to give Professor Cottingham o ppor t unity to intervi ew candida tes and suggest name s of add it ional candidates . Su b sequently , arran g ements we re made to have Profes s or Cot ti ngham vi s it the College Hay 1 4-17 . Next , there was a discussion of Professor Cottingham's re sponsibilitie s in relat io n to t he ind ividual dep a rt ments. W hil e details would ha ve to wait on his arrival, it was agreed t ha t t he various dep a rt ments would be expected to work clo se ly wi th hi m, and he with the m, in the c ase of any pa r t -time or full-time faculty a ppo intmen ts wh ich h ad a beari n g on the Black S tud.i es p rogram. If a departme nt concluded a particular a pp oint me nt should not b e made , Profe ssor Cot t in g ham would be able, if h e wished, to deal direct ly with the Provost in determinin g whethe r the app oint me nt should be made outside the de part me nt in ques ti on . It was f urthe r agreed tha t P rof esso r Cottingham woul d have c h ief respo nsibi l it y for develop in g t he Bl a c k Studies cur r iculum in coop eration with interested f a c ulty , studen t s an d me mbers of the admin is t rat ion . As to matters of pe r sonnel an d financial sup p ort Professor Cottin g ham wo ul d work with the administra ti on in the way that de p a rt me nt chair men do.

Frank C. Pierson FCP:mer

�SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA

May 1, 1970 Swarthmore Afro-American Students' Society Swarthmore Colleger This is in response to your letter of April 15, 1970 asking for a clarification of t~e structure and responsibilities of the Black Studies Curriculum Committee and its function vis-a-vis the incoming director. The original structure was the result of conversations which President Courtney Smith had with representatives of SASS and of the faculty in the spring of 19680 The proposal that was adopted was to establish a committee of five students, four of whom would be members of SASS, and six faculty members. The members of the original committee were: Marilyn C. Allman Allen J. Dietrich . Clinton A~ Etheridge Marilyn J. Holifield Don A. Mizell Charles Gilbert Asmarom Legesse John S. Shackford Jon Van Til Harrison M. Wright Frank C. Pierson, Chairman While it was assumed that the committee would have responsibility for advising President Smith and the faculty on any plans for a Black Studies program, the specific functions of the committee were not spelled out. The only statement setting forth -the committee's jurisdiction appeared in President Smith's letter of May 17, 1968 appointing the members of the committee; in this letter President Smith said: I will continue to encourage departments to be considering what studies can appropriately and effectively be made a part of their offering at the earliest opportunity but it is my hope that your committee will give focus to all of our efforts and see how individual additions to our program may build into some larger and more coherent pro gram. In line with this statement, the Committee assumed responsibility for recommending the program in Black Studies which was established in 19Q9. It also participated actively in the selection of a permanent director and cooperated with the various departments in developing course offerings in this field.

�---_

...

_"

--- - ,-.-. '. ------ - - - -

- 2 -

The original / committee was appointed for the year 1968-69 and on July 11, 1969 Acting President Edward Cratsley appointed a successor committee fO.r the year 1969-70. This committee also consisted of five students, o'f ' wnom,. four were members of SASS, and five faculty members. The members of the 1969-70 committee were: Charles Gilbert Robert Co Mitchell John S. Shackford 'H~rison M . Wright • Laura Hassler Don Mizell Julius Nicholas Delmar Thompson Aundrea White Frank C. Pierson, Chairman In general, the committee has welcomed visitors, both faculty and student, who have expressed an interest in attending meetings. During the past year, particularly, members of the faculty actively involved in the Black Studies program have been invited to join informally in the committee's deliberations; these faculty members are: Daniel Bennett E. L. Harris Raymond Hopkins Kathryn Morgan J. Deotis Roberts Jon Van Til There has been no discussion as yet about the relationship between the committee and the new director, Clement Cottingham, sinQe it will be necessary to get his views before any decision is reached. Presumably the committee will continue to function in an advisory capacity, however, for at least a brief period of time. Sincerely yours,

j

Black Studies Curriculum Committee

�</text>
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SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
5 WAR T HMO R E • PEN N 5 Y L V A N I A • 19081

DEPARTMENT OF

ECONOMIGS ~

.,.;.

Minutes of Black Studies Committee

The Blac k Stu dies ComThittee met Ap ril 27 , 1970 at 12:15 P.M. in Sharple s. In add.ition to the regular members , a numbe r of stu dents a nd faculty interested i n the p ro g ram participated in the meeting. The members on the Committee represe nti ng SASS f or t he comin g year are: lv} a r k Blackburn Rosalind P l umme r Trac y Ni cholas Linda Datcher Don Nizell The l e tte r written in response to the SASS let t er of Ap ril 15 , 1970 about the Committee's structure an d f u nctions was r evised i n certain details and t he Chairman wa s author i ze d to send the letter a s modified to SASS: a co p y is attached . SASS member s felt i t woul d be ver y help ful if Clement Cottingham c o ul d vi s it t he College this seme s t e r and it was tentative l y a g re e d t h is woul d be don e if funds could be f ound . A major purpose of his visit wou l d be to give Professor Cottingham o ppor t unity to intervi ew candida tes and suggest name s of add it ional candidates . Su b sequently , arran g ements we re made to have Profes s or Cot ti ngham vi s it the College Hay 1 4-17 . Next , there was a discussion of Professor Cottingham's re sponsibilitie s in relat io n to t he ind ividual dep a rt ments. W hil e details would ha ve to wait on his arrival, it was agreed t ha t t he various dep a rt ments would be expected to work clo se ly wi th hi m, and he with the m, in the c ase of any pa r t -time or full-time faculty a ppo intmen ts wh ich h ad a beari n g on the Black S tud.i es p rogram. If a departme nt concluded a particular a pp oint me nt should not b e made , Profe ssor Cot t in g ham would be able, if h e wished, to deal direct ly with the Provost in determinin g whethe r the app oint me nt should be made outside the de part me nt in ques ti on . It was f urthe r agreed tha t P rof esso r Cottingham woul d have c h ief respo nsibi l it y for develop in g t he Bl a c k Studies cur r iculum in coop eration with interested f a c ulty , studen t s an d me mbers of the admin is t rat ion . As to matters of pe r sonnel an d financial sup p ort Professor Cottin g ham wo ul d work with the administra ti on in the way that de p a rt me nt chair men do.

Frank C. Pierson FCP:mer

�SWARTHMORE COLLEGE
SWARTHMORE, PENNSYLVANIA

May 1, 1970 Swarthmore Afro-American Students' Society Swarthmore Colleger This is in response to your letter of April 15, 1970 asking for a clarification of t~e structure and responsibilities of the Black Studies Curriculum Committee and its function vis-a-vis the incoming director. The original structure was the result of conversations which President Courtney Smith had with representatives of SASS and of the faculty in the spring of 19680 The proposal that was adopted was to establish a committee of five students, four of whom would be members of SASS, and six faculty members. The members of the original committee were: Marilyn C. Allman Allen J. Dietrich . Clinton A~ Etheridge Marilyn J. Holifield Don A. Mizell Charles Gilbert Asmarom Legesse John S. Shackford Jon Van Til Harrison M. Wright Frank C. Pierson, Chairman While it was assumed that the committee would have responsibility for advising President Smith and the faculty on any plans for a Black Studies program, the specific functions of the committee were not spelled out. The only statement setting forth -the committee's jurisdiction appeared in President Smith's letter of May 17, 1968 appointing the members of the committee; in this letter President Smith said: I will continue to encourage departments to be considering what studies can appropriately and effectively be made a part of their offering at the earliest opportunity but it is my hope that your committee will give focus to all of our efforts and see how individual additions to our program may build into some larger and more coherent pro gram. In line with this statement, the Committee assumed responsibility for recommending the program in Black Studies which was established in 19Q9. It also participated actively in the selection of a permanent director and cooperated with the various departments in developing course offerings in this field.

�---_

...

_"

--- - ,-.-. '. ------ - - - -

- 2 -

The original / committee was appointed for the year 1968-69 and on July 11, 1969 Acting President Edward Cratsley appointed a successor committee fO.r the year 1969-70. This committee also consisted of five students, o'f ' wnom,. four were members of SASS, and five faculty members. The members of the 1969-70 committee were: Charles Gilbert Robert Co Mitchell John S. Shackford 'H~rison M . Wright • Laura Hassler Don Mizell Julius Nicholas Delmar Thompson Aundrea White Frank C. Pierson, Chairman In general, the committee has welcomed visitors, both faculty and student, who have expressed an interest in attending meetings. During the past year, particularly, members of the faculty actively involved in the Black Studies program have been invited to join informally in the committee's deliberations; these faculty members are: Daniel Bennett E. L. Harris Raymond Hopkins Kathryn Morgan J. Deotis Roberts Jon Van Til There has been no discussion as yet about the relationship between the committee and the new director, Clement Cottingham, sinQe it will be necessary to get his views before any decision is reached. Presumably the committee will continue to function in an advisory capacity, however, for at least a brief period of time. Sincerely yours,

j

Black Studies Curriculum Committee

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                    <text>Minutes of the meeting of the Black Curriculum

Co~~ittee.

Tuesday, Novemb.er 5, 1968, 12:15 - 1:30 p,m., Sharples Dining Hall, Members present: Hr, Pierson, · Mr. Wright, Mr, Legesse, 1l r. Van Til, Hr. Shackford, ' l1arilyn Allman, U "Dietrich , Don Hizell, Clint Etheridge.

Review from the last meeting: we agreed that we will not propose Black Studies as a separate major but as a focus within a major. The first question discussed was: \&gt;Jrlat shall \om expect or ask other departments to do? Is there extra pressure we need to put on departments (eg. friglish or
t~ubric

or a concentration"--i.e. as an additional

Psychology), or shall we just wait and see how our proposal takes effect?

1. Can departments be sure of getting money to hire new teachers and moonlighters
when that is necessary? for quite a long way. It seemS that the College is willing to support the program _ at least initially We probably do not have to vmrr~/about getting r~mds.
~nis

2. Should there be a basic introductory course?

could

t~~e

two possible

forms: additions to present introductory courses ,or a new, interdisciplinary Introduction to Black Studies. The interdisciplinary course is a good idea, In
mak~ng

but not possible in the near future,

additions to present introductOFY

courses, in Sociology-Anthropology there might be added a special 20 level course-that can be taken after Soc-Anth 1. Five 20 level courses are now offered.

3. Would an interdiscipli.nary introductory course satify the distribution
requirement? The purpose of the distribution requirement is to introduce students

to various disciplines, not materials. 4. Latitude would have to be allowed for students in fringe areas such as Economics or English. where most of the Black Studies courses they would take would be offered ir fields outside their major. (This bias would naturally

�push students interested in Black Studies into more central majors--eg. History and Sociology-Anth~opology).
. -

Introductory COllrses in other fi,elds might be waived

so that students would not have to go through them in order to get to the Black

-'

Studies courses offered.

History 1-2 is already waived for certain terminal English 1 also might

COllrsesi the same might apply to courses in Black Studies. be waived.

5. Should we set a minimum number (3,6,57) of courses
req~ired

in Black Studies to be

for any Black Studies Concentration?

We should not specify the number now.

The second topic of discussion was perspective and persor.nel.
1. Mr. Wright said that if perspective is important then SASS has a role in influencing appointments. If we are tr&gt;Jing tto present special subject matter

with a variety of points of view, then it is not a question of whether SASS should be involved but whether students in general should. issue that does not concern this committee. And this is a separate

Clint said that Black Studies would

not try to be "consistent in its message"--Swarthmore cannot be a blaCk liberation school. Mr. Wright said that there seem to be three levels of "perspective":

first, that a teacher should be blaCk; second·, that he not be an "Uncle Tom"; third, that he be an academic scholar. I f the third point is the only really

important point, then the faculty is quite capable

of

judging this by itself.

Mr. Pierson said that academic SCholarship was not the only important factor in making appointments. regular system. of the community. 2. Scholars in Black Studies are rare, especially black scholars. Because of Black Studies is
~~ Q~llsual

area and does not fit into

~~e

Here we need a fuller approach, one that involves a cross-section

this sitllation white colleges will be accused of draining black SCholars from black institutions. Should Swarthmore be concerned with this problem of " il'!1}'1edalizing II ?

�Mr. Van Til suggested that this could be · solved by faculty exchanges--eg. an economist for a hist.orian . or sociologist.
-'

vIe

exchange

This vlay \ie could avoid the charge

of imperializing. '. Don Mizell said that this would apply only to part-time faculty-it is
al~o

important to get full-time faculty.

Mr. Van Til said that not all

faculty t)eed to be black--especially after a while (though they are very Lmportant for a symbolic beginning). Don' said that he hoped it would be more than an initial token symbol, that the attempt to get black faculty would persist as a priority. We are already over-stocked with white teachers in this area (African and American

Mr. Van Til said that he would be glad to release his courses relations in race I to another teacber, since he would then be free to offer courses more
history,
Sociolo~y),

directly related to his present interests. Jon suggested that we get graduate students to teach Black Studies courses if other teachers are not available, the University of
Penn 3 ylvaDia~

Other po ssibilities are sharing teachers with Have rford, and Bryn Mawr. Could a full professor
~~,

be hired in a department that is already top-heavy with professors?

Pierson

said t hat for rare teachers special arrangem ents could quite likely be m ade. ple, perhaps a professor would be hired to teach one Econom ics course, For exam and the rest of his time would be take up directing a research project or comrnuni ty · study program. Money from the Ford or Rockefeller Foundations might

well be available for such an arrangement. Returning to the question of Itimperializing", Hr, Legesse said that if going to try to get top scholars we will probably have to schools in the country, not fro m black institutions. difficulty hiring black teachers.
ge~

vIe

are

them from the major

Howard and Lincoln are having

Host of the younger teachers are white,

�Marilyn Allman explained that this "YTas partly due to the administrations in
,.

these schools which are trying to make the schools more white--both faculty and students ;
i~

Don Mizell added that most of the power in black institutions

white (trustees) and most of the financing comes from white philanthropists.

The black admininistrations are therefore often quite strict in discouraging black power on ca.'Ilpus. for f'e ar of losing funds. As a result, liberal young

black teachers find that they have much more freedom at white institutions. The general conclUSion was that we should not worry about charges of imperialism but should play the market as we can. Marilyn Allman suggested that we try to get more black people into this community. One way would be to open the Black Studies program to people from

Chester, with no tuition fee. We will meet again next Wednesday, November 13, at 5:30 p.m. in Sharples Dining Hall.

�</text>
                  </elementText>
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                    <text>Minutes of the meeting of the Black Curriculum

Co~~ittee.

Tuesday, Novemb.er 5, 1968, 12:15 - 1:30 p,m., Sharples Dining Hall, Members present: Hr, Pierson, · Mr. Wright, Mr, Legesse, 1l r. Van Til, Hr. Shackford, ' l1arilyn Allman, U "Dietrich , Don Hizell, Clint Etheridge.

Review from the last meeting: we agreed that we will not propose Black Studies as a separate major but as a focus within a major. The first question discussed was: \&gt;Jrlat shall \om expect or ask other departments to do? Is there extra pressure we need to put on departments (eg. friglish or
t~ubric

or a concentration"--i.e. as an additional

Psychology), or shall we just wait and see how our proposal takes effect?

1. Can departments be sure of getting money to hire new teachers and moonlighters
when that is necessary? for quite a long way. It seemS that the College is willing to support the program _ at least initially We probably do not have to vmrr~/about getting r~mds.
~nis

2. Should there be a basic introductory course?

could

t~~e

two possible

forms: additions to present introductory courses ,or a new, interdisciplinary Introduction to Black Studies. The interdisciplinary course is a good idea, In
mak~ng

but not possible in the near future,

additions to present introductOFY

courses, in Sociology-Anthropology there might be added a special 20 level course-that can be taken after Soc-Anth 1. Five 20 level courses are now offered.

3. Would an interdiscipli.nary introductory course satify the distribution
requirement? The purpose of the distribution requirement is to introduce students

to various disciplines, not materials. 4. Latitude would have to be allowed for students in fringe areas such as Economics or English. where most of the Black Studies courses they would take would be offered ir fields outside their major. (This bias would naturally

�push students interested in Black Studies into more central majors--eg. History and Sociology-Anth~opology).
. -

Introductory COllrses in other fi,elds might be waived

so that students would not have to go through them in order to get to the Black

-'

Studies courses offered.

History 1-2 is already waived for certain terminal English 1 also might

COllrsesi the same might apply to courses in Black Studies. be waived.

5. Should we set a minimum number (3,6,57) of courses
req~ired

in Black Studies to be

for any Black Studies Concentration?

We should not specify the number now.

The second topic of discussion was perspective and persor.nel.
1. Mr. Wright said that if perspective is important then SASS has a role in influencing appointments. If we are tr&gt;Jing tto present special subject matter

with a variety of points of view, then it is not a question of whether SASS should be involved but whether students in general should. issue that does not concern this committee. And this is a separate

Clint said that Black Studies would

not try to be "consistent in its message"--Swarthmore cannot be a blaCk liberation school. Mr. Wright said that there seem to be three levels of "perspective":

first, that a teacher should be blaCk; second·, that he not be an "Uncle Tom"; third, that he be an academic scholar. I f the third point is the only really

important point, then the faculty is quite capable

of

judging this by itself.

Mr. Pierson said that academic SCholarship was not the only important factor in making appointments. regular system. of the community. 2. Scholars in Black Studies are rare, especially black scholars. Because of Black Studies is
~~ Q~llsual

area and does not fit into

~~e

Here we need a fuller approach, one that involves a cross-section

this sitllation white colleges will be accused of draining black SCholars from black institutions. Should Swarthmore be concerned with this problem of " il'!1}'1edalizing II ?

�Mr. Van Til suggested that this could be · solved by faculty exchanges--eg. an economist for a hist.orian . or sociologist.
-'

vIe

exchange

This vlay \ie could avoid the charge

of imperializing. '. Don Mizell said that this would apply only to part-time faculty-it is
al~o

important to get full-time faculty.

Mr. Van Til said that not all

faculty t)eed to be black--especially after a while (though they are very Lmportant for a symbolic beginning). Don' said that he hoped it would be more than an initial token symbol, that the attempt to get black faculty would persist as a priority. We are already over-stocked with white teachers in this area (African and American

Mr. Van Til said that he would be glad to release his courses relations in race I to another teacber, since he would then be free to offer courses more
history,
Sociolo~y),

directly related to his present interests. Jon suggested that we get graduate students to teach Black Studies courses if other teachers are not available, the University of
Penn 3 ylvaDia~

Other po ssibilities are sharing teachers with Have rford, and Bryn Mawr. Could a full professor
~~,

be hired in a department that is already top-heavy with professors?

Pierson

said t hat for rare teachers special arrangem ents could quite likely be m ade. ple, perhaps a professor would be hired to teach one Econom ics course, For exam and the rest of his time would be take up directing a research project or comrnuni ty · study program. Money from the Ford or Rockefeller Foundations might

well be available for such an arrangement. Returning to the question of Itimperializing", Hr, Legesse said that if going to try to get top scholars we will probably have to schools in the country, not fro m black institutions. difficulty hiring black teachers.
ge~

vIe

are

them from the major

Howard and Lincoln are having

Host of the younger teachers are white,

�Marilyn Allman explained that this "YTas partly due to the administrations in
,.

these schools which are trying to make the schools more white--both faculty and students ;
i~

Don Mizell added that most of the power in black institutions

white (trustees) and most of the financing comes from white philanthropists.

The black admininistrations are therefore often quite strict in discouraging black power on ca.'Ilpus. for f'e ar of losing funds. As a result, liberal young

black teachers find that they have much more freedom at white institutions. The general conclUSion was that we should not worry about charges of imperialism but should play the market as we can. Marilyn Allman suggested that we try to get more black people into this community. One way would be to open the Black Studies program to people from

Chester, with no tuition fee. We will meet again next Wednesday, November 13, at 5:30 p.m. in Sharples Dining Hall.

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